Dear Student,
The Principle of working of Vacuum Cleaner is, Creation of suction in small chamber. The low pressure created sucks small object and dust. a filter bag or can is used to partition dust and other particles and allow free passage of air to outside.
A blower pump is used in a chamber, while the inlet and outlets are directed away from each other.The intersection of the inlet and outlet is used as a bin for collection of material.
Regards