Statement- I: Lower aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water. The solubility decreases as the molecular mass increases.
Statement- II: Distinction between aldehydes and ketones can made by Tollens reagent.

Both the statements are true and statement-II is the correct explanation of
statement-I.

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Both statements are true but statement-II is not the correct explanation of
statement-I.

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Statement-I is true but statement-II is false

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Statement-I is false but statement-II is true.

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Solution

The correct option is B Both statements are true but statement-II is not the correct explanation of
statement-I.
statement 1 is true
the aldehydes have an oxygen atom that can form hydrogen bond with the hydrogen atoms of water so lower aldehydes are soluble in water
but as the chain length increases, the hydrophobic part (the alkyl chain) dominates over the hydrophilic part (the polar -CHO group)
so higher molecular weight aldehydes are insoluble in water but lower molecular weight aldehydes are easily soluble in water
the statement 2 is also correct because aldehydes form silver mirror with tollens reagent but ketones do not
we also see that statement 2 has nothing to do with the explanation of statement 1 so option B is correct

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Statement- I: Lower aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water. The solubility decreases as the molecular mass increases.Statement- II: Distinction between aldehydes and ketones can made by Tollens reagent.

Statement- I: Lower aldehydes and ketones are soluble in water. The solubility decreases as the molecular mass increases.
Statement- II: Distinction between aldehydes and ketones can made by Tollens reagent.