Question

Explain the structure and function of the following organelles?

(a) Chloroplast

(b) Endoplasmic reticulum

(c) Mitochondria

(d) Nucleus

Answer 1

Structure and function of mentioned cell organelles:

(a) Chloroplast

1. Structure: The double-membrane, granular stroma, lamellar system, chloroplast DNA, and osmophilic granules are all visible in the structure of the chloroplast.
2. Function: It's the place where photosynthesis takes place. It provides plant leaves their green color.

(b) Endoplasmic reticulum

1. Structure: The double membrane, is a closed organelle with cisternae that continue to the nuclear membrane. The presence of ribosomes determines whether it is smooth or rough.
2. Function: Endoplasmic reticulum is a major site of protein synthesis and transport, protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage.

(c) Mitochondria

1. Structure: In most eukaryotic species, the mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle.
2. Function: It is the cell’s powerhouse. It is the location of the Krebs cycle and compound beta-oxidation. It supplies electron-transport chain enzymes.

(d) Nucleus

1. Structure: The Double-membrane organelle, Contain a nuclear pore, Spherical in shape.
2. Function: It contains the genetic material of the cell, particularly DNA. Deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group make up nucleic acids. It regulates the expression of genes. It is responsible for DNA replication. Controls the cell’s numerous operations.