Syngamy is more commonly known as -
Fertilization
The fusion of gametes is called syngamy, or fertilization.
Parthenogenesis is asexual reproduction, where an ovum develops without fertilization, especially seen in some invertebrates and lower plants.
Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei.
Plasmogamy is a stage in the sexual reproduction of fungi, in which the cytoplasm of two parent cells (usually from the mycelia) fuses together without the fusion of nuclei, effectively bringing two haploid nuclei close together in the same cell.