Syphilis is caused by
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by spirochaetal bacterium Treponema pallidum.
Transmission of syphilis is almost always through sexual contact or congenitally through the placenta to a fetus or at birth from an infected mother.
Hence syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum.
So, the correct answer is 'Treponema pallidum'.