Question

Take one flower each of the families Fabaceae and Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagram after studying them.

Answer 1

(1) Family Fabaceae/Papilionaceae (pea plant) :

Fabaceae/Papilionaceae is a sub-family of the Leguminoseae family.

Vegetative features :

Habit : Pinnately compound, alternately arranged with leaf tendrils with the pulvinus present at the leaf base along folacious stipules.

Root : Tap root system with root nodules.

Floral features :

Inflorescence : Racemose, generally axial than terminal

Flower : Zygomorphic and bisexual flowers are found.

Calyx : It contains five sepals which are gamosepalous while aestivation is imbricate.

Corolla : It contains five petals (polypetalous) with vexillary aestivation.

Androecium : It consists of ten anthers that are diadelphous with dithecous anthers.

Gynoecium : Monocarpellary superior ovary which is unilocular with marginal placentation.

Fruit : Legume pod with non-endospermic seeds.

Economic importance: Peas are used as vegetables for making various culinary preparations.

(2) Flowers of Solanum nigrum

Vegetative features :

Habit : Erect, herbaceous plant

Leaves : Simple, exstipulate leaves with reticulate venation

Stem : Erect stem with numerous branches.

Floral features :

Inflorescence : Solitary and axillary

Flowers : Actinomorphic, bisexual flowers

Calyx : Calyx is composed of five sepals that are united and persistent. Aestivation is valvate.

Corolla : Corolla consists of five united petals with valvate aestivation.

Androecium : It consists of five epipetalous stamens.

Gynoecium : It consists of bicarpellary syncarpous superior ovary with axile placentation.

Fruits : Berry Seeds: Numerous, endospermous

Economic importance : Used for medicinal purposes.