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Coal is formed by the decomposition of dead remains of plants when they were buried in the land owing to the high temperature and pressure conditions present there. Based on the content of carbon present, three types of coal deposits exist, and these are as follows:
∙ Formation of Peat is the first step in the coal formation. Peat contains a high proportion of water and less than 60% carbon, so it is not a significant source of heat energy.
∙ During the second step of the coal formation, peat is transformed into lignite due to increased pressure and temperature inside the earth. It contains 60 to 70% of carbon.
∙ Then, in the third step of the coal formation, bituminous coal is formed and contains 70 to 90% of carbon.
∙ Finally, Anthracite, also called the pure form of coal, is hard and contains about 95% carbon.