Temporary and permanent hardness of water can be removed by:-

For temporary hardness:- $N a_{2} C O_{3}$

For permanent hardness:- $C a (O H)_{2}$

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For temporary hardness:- $C a (O H)_{2}$

For permanent hardness:- Boiling

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For temporary hardness:- Boiling

For permanent hardness:- $C a (O H)_{2}$

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For temporary hardness:- Boiling

For permanent hardness:- $N a_{2} C O_{3}$

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Solution

The correct option is D
For temporary hardness:- Boiling

For permanent hardness:- $N a_{2} C O_{3}$

Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. This can be removed by boiling or addition of calcium hydroxide ${Ca(OH)}_{2}$ .

Permanent hardness of water is due the presence of dissolved sulphates and chlorides of magnesium and calcium. This can be removed by addition of washing soda $({Na}_{2} {CO}_{3})$ .

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C a (O H)_{2}

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