1. MnO2 loses oxygen, therefore it is reduced, and thus it acts as an oxidizing agent.
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2. HCl loses hydrogen. It itself is oxidized, thus it acts as a reducing agent.
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Therefore, in the reaction, MnO2 is oxidizing agent and HCl is reducing agent.
3. Example of a decomposition reaction: Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating and forms calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
CaCO3(s)Heat−−→CaO(s)+CO2(g)
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