The atomic number and the mass number of phosphorus are $15$ and $31$ respectively. Calculate the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a neutral atom and ions.

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Solution

Given data:
Atomic number of Phosphorous $(P) = 15$
Mass number of Phosphorous $(P) = 31$
Formula used:
Atomic number $=$ Number of protons $=$ Number of electrons
Mass number $=$ Number of protons $+$ Number of neutrons
Calculate the number of protons in Phosphorous atom:
Atomic number of Phosphorous $= 15$
Thus,
Number of protons in Phosphorous atom $= 15$
Calculate the number of electrons in Phosphorous atom:
Atomic number of Phosphorous $= 15$
Thus,
Number of electrons in Phosphorous atom $= 15$
Calculate the number of neutrons in Phosphorous atom:
Mass number $=$ Number of protons $+$ Number of neutrons
Thus,
Number of neutrons $=$ Mass number $-$ Number of protons
Thus,
Number of neutrons in Phosphorous atom $= 31 - 15$
Number of neutrons in Phosphorous atom $= 16$
Thus, the number of protons electrons and neutrons in Phosphorous atom are $15$ , $15$ and $16$ respectively,
Formation of Phosphorous ion from Phosphorous atom:
The atomic number of Phosphorous atom is $15$ .
Thus, the electronic configuration of Phosphorous atom is $(2, 8, 5)$ .
To complete eight electrons in the outermost shell i.e. to complete its octet, Phosphorous atom gains $3$ electrons.
Thus, a Phosphorous ion having three negative charges $(P^{3 -})$ is formed.
Calculate the number of protons in Phosphorous ion:
The number of protons in Phosphorous ion are same as the number of protons in Phosphorous atom.
Thus, the number of protons in Phosphorous ion are $15$ .
Calculate the number of electrons in Phosphorous ion:
The Phosphorous atom has gained $3$ electrons and formed Phosphorous ion.
Thus,
Number of electrons in Phosphorous ion $= 15 + 3$
Number of electrons in Phosphorous ion $= 18$
Calculate the number of neutrons in Phosphorous ion:
The number of neutrons in Phosphorous ion are same as the number of neutrons in Phosphorous atom.
Number of neutrons in Phosphorous ion $= 16$
Thus, the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in Phosphorous ion are $15$ , $18$ and $16$ respectively.

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The atomic number and the mass number of phosphorus are 15 and 31 respectively. Calcu­late the number of protons, electrons and neu­trons in a neutral atom and ions.

The atomic number and the mass number of phosphorus are $15$ and $31$ respectively. Calculate the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in a neutral atom and ions.