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B
ferns
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C
mushrooms
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D
lichens
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Solution
The correct option is D lichens Bioindicators are a species that can be used to monitor the health of an environment or ecosystem. They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population or status can indicate the qualitative status of the environment for example lichens are organisms comprising both fungi and algae.
They are found on rocks and tree trunks and they respond to environmental changes in forests including changes in forest structure air quality, and climate. The disappearance of lichens in a forest may indicate environmental stresses such as high levels of sulfur dioxide, sulfur-based pollutants, and nitrogen oxides.