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B
ATP consumption
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C
ATP and NADPH synthesis
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D
carbon dioxide fixation
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Solution
The correct option is C ATP and NADPH synthesis Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and is involved in the fixation of carbon dioxide molecules to synthesize glucose which acts as food for the plant. The Calvin cycle consists of three stages.
The first stage is called carboxylation where the RuBP molecule is used to fix CO2 resulting in the synthesis of two 3-PGA (3-phosphoglycerate or 3-phosphoglyceric acid) molecules.
The next step is called a reduction step which involves the reduction of 3-PGA into triose phosphate with the utilization of NADPH and ATP molecules. The reduction step takes up 2 ATP and 2 NADPH molecules and the regeneration step takes up one ATP molecule per carbon dioxide molecule fixed, as shown in the figure. Hence, there is no synthesis of ATP and NADPH; rather, there is a utilization of ATP and NADPH molecules.