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Hygroscopy, Efflorescence, Deliquescence

The chemical ...

Question

The chemical formula for hydrated copper sulphate is $C u S O_{4} .5 H_{2} O$ . What is the 5 molecules of water associated with the salt called?

A

Water of hydration

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B

Anhydrous water

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C

Water of crystallisation

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D

Molecular water

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Solution

The correct option is C
Water of crystallisation

The exact number of water molecules which are chemically bonded to a molecule of a salt within the hydrated crystalline compound is called water of crystallisation. It is usually essential for the maintenance of a particular crystal.

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Q. Answer the questions below, relating your answers only to salts in the following list:
sodium chloride, anhydrous calcium chloride, copper sulphate-5-water.
(i) What is the name given to the water in the compound copper sulphate-5-water?
(ii) If copper sulphate-5-water is heated, the water is driven off leaving anhydrous copper sulphate. What is the colour of anhydrous copper sulphate?
(iii) By what means, other than heating, can you dehydrate copper sulphate-5-water and obtain anhydrous copper sulphate?
(iv) Which one of the salts in the given list is deliquescent?

Q. Copper sulphate crystals which seem to be dry contain water of crystallization. When we heat the crystals, this water is removed and the salt turns white. If you moisten the crystals again with water, you will find that blue colour of the crystals reappears.

The water of crystallization is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt. Five water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate. The chemical formula for hydrated copper sulphate is

C u {S O}_{4}

5 H_{2} O

. Now you would be able to answer the question whether the molecule of

{N a}_{2} {C O}_{3}

10 H_{2} O

is wet. One other salt, which possesses water of crystallization is gypsum. It has two water molecules as a water of crystallization. It has the formula

C a {S O}_{4}

2 H_{2} O

What are the uses of this salt?

One molecule of hydrated CuSO₄contains:

Q. Hydrated copper sulphate contains how many molecules of water of crystallisation?

5

g of crystalline salt, when rendered anhydrous, lost

1.89

g of water. The formula weight of anhydrous salts is

160

. The number of molecules of water of crystallisation in the salt is:

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Hygroscopy, Efflorescence, Deliquescence

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