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Question

The coconut water from coconut represents the

A
free nuclear proembryo
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B
free nuclear endosperm
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C
cellular endosperm
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D
fleshy mesocarp
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Solution

The correct option is B free nuclear endosperm

During sexual reproduction in flowering plants, when one haploid male gamete fuses with the 2 haploid polar nuclei of the embryo sac, it gives rise to a triploid tissue known as the primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). PEN further undergoes division to form the endosperm. The endosperm is the main source of nutrition for the embryo. Endosperm development may take place in three ways- nuclear, cellular and helobial type.

In nuclear endosperm development, the PEN divides repeatedly without wall formation to produce a large number of free nuclei- free nuclear endosperm. Coconut water from coconut represents a multinucleated (free nuclei) liquid endosperm.

In cellular endosperm development, the division of PEN is followed by cytokinesis. The white kernel of the coconut represents the multicellular solid endosperm.

The embryo is the initial stage of development of an organism. When the male gamete fuses with the female gamete, it gives rise to the zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo by undergoing repeated mitotic divisions. . Initially the embryo is globular and undifferentiated and this early embryo is called proembryo.

The fruit wall or the pericarp is differentiated into 3 layers- epicarp (outermost layer), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (innermost layer). Coconut has a membranous epicarp, fibrous mesocarp and stony endocarp.


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