The constituents of crude petroleum are separated by ___________ distillation.

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Solution

Fractional distillation:
Fractional distillation is a method that is used to separate out the miscible liquids from each other.
This method works on the basis of the difference in the boiling points of liquids.
For example, the constituents of crude petroleum such as petrol, diesel, and kerosene are separated by fraction distillation,
Therefore, the constituents of crude petroleum are separated by fractional distillation.

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Q. Arrange the following in a proper sequence for the extraction of petroleum.
(a) Processing of crude oil to remove heavy oil.
(b) Heating of the crude oil containing pure mixture of hydrocarbons over a specific range of temperature.
(c) Separation of constituents by fractional distillation.
(d) Purification of crude oil containing salt water.
(e) Drilling of the oil through the various layers under the earth's surface.

Crude petroleum oil is a complex mixture of organic liquids that occurs naturally beneath Earth’s surface. It was formed millions of years ago. Crude oil is vaporized and made to undergo fractional distillation where its components get separated as shown in the figure.

The organic liquids present in crude oil are separated in a fractional distillation chamber because they have different

Q. Assertion :The constituents of petroleum can be separated using fractional distillation. Reason: Fractional distillation is a method for separating heterogeneous liquid mixtures.

The constituents of crude petroleum are separated by evaporation.

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