The correct order of reactivity towards electrophillic aromatic substitution reaction for the given compounds is:

C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{5} - C l > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H

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C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - C l > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H

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C_{6} H_{5} - C l > C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H

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C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H > C_{6} H_{5} - C l

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Solution

The correct option is B $C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - C l > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H$
Rate of electrophilic substitution reaction is proportional to the stability of the carbocation intermediate (Arenium ion) formed in the reaction.

$Stability of Arenium ion \propto +R, +H, +I groups$

$Stability of Arenium ion \propto \frac{1}{-R, -H, -I groups}$

In phenol, the OH group will increase the electron density by +R effect and stabilise the carbocation intermediate. Hence, it is most reactive toward electrophilic substitution.

Benzene is neither stabilised nor destabilised.

For chlorobenzene and benzoic acid :
$- C l$ group stabilizes intermediate by +R and destabilizes by -I effect
$- C O O H$ destabilizes the intermediate by -R and -I effect

Therefore, carbocation intermediate of chlorobenzene is less destabilised than benzoic acid.

Hence, the correct order of reactivity towards electrophilic substitution is:
$C_{6} H_{5} - O H > C_{6} H_{6} > C_{6} H_{5} - C l > C_{6} H_{5} - C O O H$

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