Q. Note that for nearly all materials the current - voltage relation is
temperature dependent. Thus at low temperatures the curve in Fig.
(a) rises more steeply for positive
V than at higher
temperatures, and at successively higher temperatures the asymmetry in
the curve becomes less and less pronounced.
The current - voltage
relation for a source may also be represented graphically. For a source
represented by
Vab=E−Ir, that is,
V=E−Ir, The graph appears
in Figure
(b). The intercept on the
V−axis, corresponding to
the open circuit condition
(I=0), is at
V=E, and the intercept
on the
I−axis, corresponding to a short-circuit situation
(V=0),
is at
I=Er.
This relation may be used to find the
current in a circuit containing a non linear device, as in fig
(c).
Its current voltage relation is shown in fig
(d) and terminal
voltage
V=E−Ir is also plotted on this graph, each curve represents a
current-voltage relation that must be satisfied, so the intersection
represents the only possible values of
V and
I. This amounts to a
graphical solution of two simultaneous equation of
V and
I,
one of which is nonlinear.
When a device has a nonlinear
voltage-current relation, the quantity
VI is not constant.
This ratio may still be called resistance, but now it varies with
current; it is constant only for a device obeying Ohm's law. Often a
more useful quantity is
dVdI, which expresses the relation
between a small change in current and the resulting voltage change.
This is called dynamic or incremental resistance. Which of the following vacuum tube devices shows negative resistance?