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D Biogeographical evolution
The scientific study of geographical distribution of organisms both living species and and fossil remains for the information about how and when species may have evolved is biogeography. A large-scale example of biogeography includes Darwin finches.
Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, who during his period, explored the flora and fauna of a number of continents and islands. On Galapagos island, Darwin observed great variations and diversity in the organisms that lived there. The variations in the bill shape and size for different food habits is the most significant example of adaptive radiation. The common birds of
Galapagos islands were markedly different from the mainland finches and are probably one of the most well-known examples of evolution.
From a common ancestral stock, many different species with many different sized bodies, beaks, etc, evolved as the need for food and survival became paramount.
Selection of individuals with desired traits and interbreeding them is called artificial selection. This is anthropogenic in nature.