Question

The diagram given is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the question that follow.
Name the substance which may be present in the fluid in part 2 if a person suffers from diabetes mellitus.

Answer 1

The structure represented in the diagram is of Nephron. Part 1 shows Bowman's capsule which encapsulates the glomerulus and part 2 shows collecting duct. The fluid in part 2 is urine.

If a person suffers from diabetes mellitus, insulin will be produced in very less quantity or not at all by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin increases the uptake of glucose from the blood and stimulates glycogenesis (conversion of glucose to glycogen). So, in the person suffering from diabetes mellitus, glucose will not be taken up and will be present in the blood and therefore, in the filtrate too, formed by the kidneys. Hence Glucose will be present in the urine i.e. in the fluid in part 2.