Question

The diagram given shows a section of a human kidney. Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow:
$\left(i\right)$ Label the parts numbered $1$ to $4$.
$\left(ii\right)$ Why does part '$2$' have striped appearance?
$\left(iii\right)$ What is the fluid that passes down part '$4$'? Name the main nitrogenous waste present in it.
$\left(iv\right)$ Mention the structural and functional units of kidneys.
$\left(v\right)$ Name the two major steps in the formation of the fluid mentioned in $\left(iii\right)$.

Answer 1

(i) 1. Cortex; 2. Medulla; 3. Pelvis; 4. Ureter.

(ii) The medulla consists of several medullary which are striped in appearance because they contain microscopic coiled tubes called nephrons.

(iii Fluid that passes down from the renal pelvis to the ureter is urine formed by millions of nephrons. The main nitrogenous waste present in the urine is urea.

(iv) The nephron is the structural and functional unit.

(v) 1. Ultrafiltration 2. Selective Readsorption.