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Standard XII
Biology
Nucleotides and Nucleosides
The differenc...
Question

The difference between the two nucleic acids DNA and RNA can be characterized by the presence of .......... in the latter.

A
Adenine purine and loss of one oxygen atom
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B
Phosphodiester bonds and 5′−3′ chain orientation
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C
Uracil pyrimidine
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D
Thymine pyrimidine and ribose sugar
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Solution

The correct option is A Uracil pyrimidine
RNA is ribonucleic acid made up of ribonucleotides. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid made up of deoxyribonucleotides. The ribonucleotides are made up of the ribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and nitrogenous bases. The deoxyribonucleotides are made up of 2' deoxyribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and nitrogenous bases.
The nitrogenous bases which are a component of ribonucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The nitrogenous bases which are the component of deoxyribonucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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Q. Name the purine bases and pyrimidine bases present in RNA and DNA.
Q. Polynucleotides are called nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts, i.e, a pentose sugar, a heterocyclic nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid. Depending upon the nature of sugar whether, ribose or deoxyribose, nucleic acids are called RNA and DNA respectively. In all, there are five nitrogenous bases, two of which are purines while the remaining three are pyrimidines. Out of these five bases, each type of nucleic acid has four of them.

Which of the following sets of bases is present in both DNA and RNA?
Q. Polynucleotides are called nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts, i.e, a pentose sugar, a heterocyclic nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid. Depending upon the nature of sugar whether, ribose or deoxyribose, nucleic acids are called RNA and DNA respectively. In all, there are five nitrogenous bases, two of which are purines while the remaining three are pyrimidines. Out of these five bases, each type of nucleic acid has four of them.

Which base is only found in the nucleotide of RNA?
Q. Polynucleotides are called nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts, i.e, a pentose sugar, a heterocyclic nitrogenous base and phosphoric acid. Depending upon the nature of sugar whether, ribose or deoxyribose, nucleic acids are called RNA and DNA respectively. In all, there are five nitrogenous bases, two of which are purines while the remaining three are pyrimidines. Out of these five bases, each type of nucleic acid has four of them.

In nucleic acids, the nucleotides are linked to one another through:
Q. Match List I (structure) with list II (explanation/definition) and select the correct answer.
List-I List-II
a. Nucleoside1. Deeply stained body containing rRNA
b. Nucleotide2. Portion of a DNA or RNA composed of one deoxyribose(in DNA) or ribose(in RNA) plus a purine or a pyramidine
c. Nucleolus3. Short disk-shaped cylinders composed of nucleoproteins and spaced at roughly 100A intervals on chromosomes
d. Nucleosome4. Portion of DNA or RNA composed of a purine or pyramidine base, a deoxyribose (in DNA) or a ribose (in RNA) and phosphoric acid

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