The different varieties of coal differ in their:
Coal is primarily made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and varying quantities of aluminium, zirconium and many other minerals. In terms of increasing carbon content, hardness, heat content and decreasing moisture coal is of four types:
Lignite is the youngest form of coal. It is soft and ranges in color from black to shades of brown and has very less carbon content. After millions of years, continued pressure and temperature convert lignite into sub-bituminous coal and has more carbon content than lignite.
Bituminous coal is harder and blacker than lignite and sub-bituminous coal due to its more carbon content in it. Anthracite is the most mature coal and thus has the highest carbon content of any type of coal