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Question

The dipole moment of HBr is 2.60D and the interatomic spacing is 1.41pm. What is the percentage ionic character of HBr?

A
0.12
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B
12
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C
1.2
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D
None of the above
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Solution

The correct option is A 12
Dipole moment occur in between ions in a ionic bond and between atoms in a covalent bond dipole moments arises due to difference in the electronegativities of the constituent atoms.
Dipole moment is measured in de bye units. which is equal to the distance between the charges.
1Debye=3.34×1030Cm
Given Data
Dipole moment of HBr=2.601030D
inter atomic spacing =1.41pm.
% ionic moment of HBr=2.60×1030Cm
% Ionic character is the ratio between observed dipole moment and the dipole moment of the molecule in case of full electron transfer.
% ionic character =μobsμ100
charge of electron is 1.6×1019 Coloumbs,
μ100% is the charge of electron times the inter atomic distance.
μ100%=qγr q= charge of electron
r= interatomic spacing
=1.6×1019coloumbs×14×1012(m)
μ100% =2.256×1029 Coloum - metre
% ionic character =2.601030×1030coloumbmetre2.256×1029coloumbmetre
=0.115 or 11.5%
12%
The % ionic character is 12%

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