Question

The DNA is contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the proteins for which it codes are needed within the cytoplasm. Explain the roles of the following in the translation of the genetic code into an active enzyme in the cytoplasm DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, polysomes.

Answer 1

The DNA is the main genetic material where the hereditary information is stored. The DNA is then converted to the mRNA which is also known as messenger RNA. It is a single-stranded RNA that helps in the formation of protein and carries the information. The mRNA is then converted to the protein by a process known as translation.

The tRNA is an important RNA that is known as transfer RNA. It helps in the transfer of amino acid to the mRNA so that a polypeptide chain can be formed.

the rRNA is also known as the ribosomal RNA and is found in the ribosomes.

The mRNA along with ribosome forms a polysome.