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Question

The electrophilic aromatic substitution proceeds through :

A
Free radical mechanism.
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B
Sigma complex formation
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C
Benzyne formation.
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D
Carbene formation.
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Solution

The correct option is B Sigma complex formation
In electrophilic aromatic substitution, Formation of an arenium ion (intermediate) is there which is partially stabilized by resonance.
This cation is called sigma complex because the electrophile is joined to the benzene ring through a new sigma bond.
The sigma complex is non aromatic in nature and can regain its aromaticity by loss of proton.
Thus, electrophilic aromation substitution proceed through a sigma complex (or Wheland’s Intermediate ) given below:

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