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Question
The evolution of peppered moths in England is an example of
The evolution of peppered moths in England is an example of
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Solution
The correct option is B Directional selection
A. Directional selection occurs whenever the environment changes in a particular way and therefore, is a selective pressure for species to change in response to the environmental change. For example industrial melanism. Industrial melanism is a phenomenon shown by light coloured peppered moth (Biston betularia typica) and dark coloured moth (Biston betularia carbonaria). It is a evolutionary process in which darker individuals predominate over lighter individuals since the industrial revolution is a result of natural selection. Within last 100 years, darkened forms of about 80 species of moths have appeared in varying frequencies throughout the United Kingdom.B. Stabilizing selection occurs when the environment does not change. Natural selection has to produce change and if an environment does not change there is no pressure for well adapted species to change. Fossil evidences suggest that many species remain unchanged for long periods of geological time.C. Disruptive selection occurs where an environmental change may produce selection pressure that favours two extreme characteristics. For example, grass plant on welsh copper mines. Contaminated soil containing copper is lethal to normal grass plants but a chance mutation allowed one plant to grow. This plant prospered and reproduced but only on the contaminated soil. On normal soil, it grew more slowly than normal plants and was easily out competed.D. Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies over the generation. In small populations frequencies of particular alleles may change drastically by chance alone. Such changes occur randomly as if frequencies were drifting and thus, are known as genetic drift.E. Convergent evolution is a process during which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to common environmental conditions.So, the correct answer is Directional selection.
A. Directional selection occurs whenever the environment changes in a particular way and therefore, is a selective pressure for species to change in response to the environmental change. For example industrial melanism. Industrial melanism is a phenomenon shown by light coloured peppered moth (Biston betularia typica) and dark coloured moth (Biston betularia carbonaria). It is a evolutionary process in which darker individuals predominate over lighter individuals since the industrial revolution is a result of natural selection. Within last 100 years, darkened forms of about 80 species of moths have appeared in varying frequencies throughout the United Kingdom.
B. Stabilizing selection occurs when the environment does not change. Natural selection has to produce change and if an environment does not change there is no pressure for well adapted species to change. Fossil evidences suggest that many species remain unchanged for long periods of geological time.
C. Disruptive selection occurs where an environmental change may produce selection pressure that favours two extreme characteristics. For example, grass plant on welsh copper mines. Contaminated soil containing copper is lethal to normal grass plants but a chance mutation allowed one plant to grow. This plant prospered and reproduced but only on the contaminated soil. On normal soil, it grew more slowly than normal plants and was easily out competed.
D. Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies over the generation. In small populations frequencies of particular alleles may change drastically by chance alone. Such changes occur randomly as if frequencies were drifting and thus, are known as genetic drift.
E. Convergent evolution is a process during which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to common environmental conditions.
So, the correct answer is Directional selection.
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