The forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man show the same basic design (or basic structure) of bones. What name is given to such organs ?

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Solution

The forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man have the same basic design, but they perform different functions. Organs such as these are called homologous organs.

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Q. X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct a long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
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Four students P, Q, R and S differently reported the following set of organs to be analogous:

P. Forelimb of a frog and forelimb of a lizard
Q. Forelimb of a bird and forelimb of a human
R. Wings of a parrot and wings of a butterfly
S. Wings of a bird and wings of a bat

The two students who have reported correctly are:

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