Question

The genes for antibiotic resistance are located in

• A. Chromosome
• B. Nucleus
• C. Cell wall
• D. Plasmid

Answer 1

The correct option is D

Plasmid

The correct option is D.

Explanation for the correct option:

1. A plasmid is a type of double-stranded, circular, tiny DNA molecule that differs from a cell's chromosomal DNA.
2. Chromosome DNA is not necessary for its capacity to reproduce.
3. Although they are typically found in bacteria, multicellular organisms can also have them.
4. They transmit DNA that contains genes for resistance to antibiotics.
5. Both bacterial and certain eukaryotic cells naturally contain plasmids.
6. Plasmids frequently carry genes that give bacteria genetic advantages like antibiotic resistance.

Explanations for the incorrect options:

Option A:

1. The nucleus of each cell contains chromosomes, which are thread-like structures that contain the DNA molecule.
2. To support its structure, each chromosome is made up of DNA that has been tightly wound around proteins called histones several times.
3. Integrons can be found in transposons, which have the ability to transfer themselves onto other DNA molecules, plasmids, and chromosomes.
4. Bacterial DNA undergoes spontaneous, random, and uncommon chromosomal alterations that give antibiotic resistance.

Option B:

1. An organelle with a spherical shape is called a nucleus.
2. Plasmids frequently carry genes that give bacteria genetic advantages like antibiotic resistance.

Option C:

1. Plants, fungi, and bacteria have a cell wall that is a rigid layer of polysaccharides placed outside the plasma membrane.
2. The majority of it in higher plants and algae is cellulose.
3. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop defence mechanisms to prevent the drug from killing them.
4. Antibiotics that target cell walls include commonly used drugs such as penicillin and amoxicillin.
5. Because human cells lack cell walls and are thus unaffected by the treatment, drugs that target bacteria's cell walls are also among the safest.
6. Bacteria modify their cell walls as one technique.
7. However, there is no information on how these structures respond to an attack.

Final answer: The genes for antibiotic resistance are located in plasmids.