Question

The genetic deficiency of ADH receptor leads to

• A. Diabetes mellitus
• B. Glycosuria
• C. Diabetes insipidus
• D. None of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is C Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes mellitus is type 1 diabetes caused by the autoimmune destruction of the $\beta$ cells of the pancreas; the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. The enzyme insulin breaks down sugars and carbohydrates into glucose which is used for energy. Lack or deficiency of insulin leads to excretion of glucose, which is otherwise filtered by kidneys back into the bloodstream, into the urine. The excretion of glucose into urine is known as glycosuria. The enzyme ADH (antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin) control the amount of water excreted in the urine. It is produced by the hypothalamus and then stored and released from the pituitary gland. Lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus which is characterized by uncontrolled secretion of water into urine. The DI caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. It is caused by genetic deficiency of ADH receptors. Thus, the correct answer is option C.