Question

The gland A is attached to the wind pipe in the human body. The gland A makes and secretes a hormone B which controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. The non-metal element C is necessary for the formation of hormone B. The deficiency of C in the diet can cause a deficiency of hormone B in the body leading to a disease D in which the neck of a person appears to be swollen. People are advised to use salt E in cooking food so as to avoid disease D.

(a) Name (i) gland A, and (ii) hormone B.

(b) What is the element C ?

(c) Name one type of food which can provide sufficient C in the diet of a person.

(d) Name (i) disease D, and (ii) salt E.

Answer 1

1. (i) A represents the thyroid gland. It is attached to the wind pipe in the human body.

(ii) B represents thyroxine. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body.

1. The non-metal element C is Iodine. It is essential for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland.
2. Sea foods like fish provide sufficient amount of iodine in the diet of a person.
3. (i) D represents the disease called goitre. It is characterised by abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck.

(ii) E represents iodised salt. It is advised to use iodine in cooking food in order to prevent goitre