The heights of objects or images are taken as negative when measured

downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis

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along the direction of incident rays

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upwards, perpendicular to the principal axis

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None of these

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Solution

The correct option is A
downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis

The heights of objects or images are taken as negative when measured downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis. It's simply a sign convention.
Hence, the correct option is (a).

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The heights of objects or images are taken as negative when measured

The correct option is A downwards, perpendicular to the principal axisThe heights of objects or images are taken as negative when measured downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis. It's simply a sign convention.Hence, the correct option is (a).

The correct option is A
downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis

The heights of objects or images are taken as negative when measured downwards, perpendicular to the principal axis. It's simply a sign convention.
Hence, the correct option is (a).