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Preparation and Properties and Uses of Potassium Hydroxide

The hydroxide...

Question

The hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium are easily soluble in water while the corresponding salts of magnesium and calcium are sparingly soluble in water. Explain?

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Solution

The atomic/ionic size of Na and K is larger than that of Mg and Ca.
Hydroxides and carbonates of Na and K have lower lattice enthalpies than those of Ca and Mg. This results in high solubility for hydroxides and carbonates of Na and K whereas those of Mg and Ca are sparingly soluble.

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Q. Assertion :Sodium and potassium carbonates are soluble in water but magnesium and calcium carbonates are insoluble in water. Reason: Lattice energy of Mg and Ca carbonates is much higher than sodium and potassium carbonate.

Q. Which of the following statements are correct from the given statements?
(i)

B F_{3}

is acid according to Lewis theory
(ii) Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are soluble in water.
(iii) Calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are partially soluble in water.
(iv) All metallic hydroxides react with bases to form their respective metallic salts.

Q. Few statements regarding the properties of bases are given below. Mark the correct statements
(i) Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are soluble in water.
(ii) Calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are partially soluble in water.
(iii) All metallic hydroxides react with acids to form their respective metallic salts.
(iv) Metallic oxides are acidic oxides hence they react with acids to form salts.

Q. Why the lower members of aldehyde and ketone are soluble in water while higher members are sparingly soluble or insoluble in water?

Q. Fill up the blanks with appropriate choices.
Lithium and magnesium react slowly with water. Their hydroxides are ________ soluble in water. Carbonates are Li and Mg ________ easily on heating. Both LiCl and

M g C l_{2}

are ________ in entanol and are ________. They crystallise from their aqueous solutions as _________.

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