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Question

The hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium are easily soluble in water while the corresponding salts of magnesium and calcium are sparingly soluble in water. Explain?

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Solution

The atomic/ionic size of Na and K is larger than that of Mg and Ca.
Hydroxides and carbonates of Na and K have lower lattice enthalpies than those of Ca and Mg. This results in high solubility for hydroxides and carbonates of Na and K whereas those of Mg and Ca are sparingly soluble.

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