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The inert pair effect is the tendency to form ions two units lower in charge than expected from the group number of heavier p - block elements.

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Solution

The inert pair effect is the tendency to form ions two units lower in charge than expected from the group number of heavier p-block elements.

For example in group IVA, the +2 oxidation state of Pb is more stable than +4 oxidation state as 6s electrons do not participate in the ionization process and remain as inert pair.

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