Question

The limitation of the first law of themodynamics is:

• A. It does not indicate the possibility of a spontaneous process proceeding in a definite direction
• B. It assigns a quality to different forms of energy
• C. Indicates the direction of any spontaneous process
• D. None of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is A It does not indicate the possibility of a spontaneous process proceeding in a definite direction

The first law does not deal with the direction of flow of heat.
The feasibility of the process is also not determined.
For example, we can melt an ice cube by providing heat but we cannot extract heat from the ice by cooling it at room temperature. Some external force need to be applied which is explained by the second law of thermodynamics.
This is the main limitation of first law and the second law overcomes it.