The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body is protected by a bony box B and it is surrounded by three membranes C. The space between the membranes is filled with a liquid D which protects the organ A from mechanical shocks. The organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system.
(a) What is organ A?
(b) What are (i) B, (ii) C and (iii) D?
(c) Name the organ E.
(d) While walking barefoot, if we happen to step on a sharp piece of stone, we immediately lift our foot up. Which of the two organs: A or E, is directly involved in this action?
(e) If we step out from a darkened room into bright sunshine, we close our eyes for a moment. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action?

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Solution

(a) Organ A is brain.
(b) (i) B - Cranium
(ii) C - Meninges
(iv) D - Cerebro spinal fluids
(c) Organ E is spinal cord
(d) It is the organ E which is involved in this type of reaction and organ E refers to spinal cord.
(e) It is the organ A (brain) which is involved in this reaction.

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The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body is protected by a bony box B and it is surrounded by three membranes C. The space between the membranes is filled with a liquid D which protects the organ A from mechanical shocks. The organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system.

(a) What is organ A ?

(b) What are (i) B (ii) C, and (iii) D ?

(d) While walking barefooted, if we happen to step on a sharp piece of stone, we immediately lift our foot up. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action ?

(e) If we step out from a darkened room into bright sunshine, we close our eyes for a moment. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action ?

Q. The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body is protected by a bony shell B. It is surrounded by three layers membranes C. The spaces between these layers are filled with a liquid D which protects organ A from mechanical shocks. Organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system.

(a) What is organ A?
(b) What are B, C and D?
(c) Name the organ E.
(d) While walking barefoot, if we happen to step on a sharp piece of stone, we immediately lift our foot up. Which of the two organs: A or E, is directly involved in this action?
(e) If we step out from a darkened room into bright sunlight, we close our eyes for a moment. Which of the two organs: A or E, is directly involved in this action?

Q. A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.
(a) Name the structure P.
(b) Name (i) bony cage Q, and (ii) membranes R.
(c) How much is x?
(d) Name the organs S.
(e) What are the reflexes involving structure P only known as?

Q. The organisms A, B and C can obtain their food in three different ways. Organism A derives its food from the body of another living organism which is called its D, without killing it. The organism B takes in the solid food by the process of ingestion, digests a part of this food and throws out undigested food in the process called E. The organism C obtains its food from dead and decaying plants.
(a) What is the mode of nutrition of (i) organism A (ii) organism B, and (iii) organism C?
(b) What is the organism like D called?
(c) Name the process E.
(d) Give one example each of organisms like (i) A (ii) B, and (iii) C.
(e) What is the general name of three modes of nutrition exhibited by organisms A, B and C?

Q. P and Q are two types of plants having weak stems which cannot stand upright on their own. The plants P and Q have organs R and S respectively which can grow towards any support which they happen to touch and wind around that support. It is observed that organ R originates from the leaves of the plant whereas organ S originates directly from the stem of the plant.
(a) What is (i) R, and (ii) S?
(b) What is the name of growth movement exhibited by the organs R and S?
(c) Name the stimulus involved in this case.
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(a) Organ A is brain. (b) (i) B - Cranium (ii) C - Meninges (iv) D - Cerebro spinal fluids (c) Organ E is spinal cord (d) It is the organ E which is involved in this type of reaction and organ E refers to spinal cord. (e) It is the organ A (brain) which is involved in this reaction.

(a) Organ A is brain.
(b) (i) B - Cranium
(ii) C - Meninges
(iv) D - Cerebro spinal fluids
(c) Organ E is spinal cord
(d) It is the organ E which is involved in this type of reaction and organ E refers to spinal cord.
(e) It is the organ A (brain) which is involved in this reaction.