The outer surface of a cylinder containing a gas is rubbed vigorously by a polishing machine. The cylinder and its gas become warm. Is the energy transferred to the gas heat or work?

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Solution

As the outer surface of a cylinder containing a gas is rubbed vigorously by a polishing machine, no work is done on the cylinder. Volume of the gas remains constant and the heat energy generated due to friction between the machine and the cylinder gets transferred to the gas as heat energy. This heat energy leads to an increase in the temperature of the cylinder and its gas.

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