Question

The pioneer species in xerarch and hydrarch successions are respectively

• A. lichens and sedges
• B. lichens and rooted hydrophytes
• C. phytoplanktons and lichens
• D. lichens and phytoplanktons

Answer 1

The correct option is D lichens and phytoplanktons

Xerarch succession takes place in dry areas and the series progress from xeric to mesic conditions. Lichens are the pioneer species in xerarch succession, which secrete acids that disslove rocks. It helps in weathering and soil formation.
Hydrarch succession takes place in shallow waters. The pioneer species in hydrarch succession are phytoplanktons.