The correct option is C in vitro replication of specific DNA sequence using thermostable DNA polymerase
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique which was developed by Kary Mullis.
PCR has three basic steps which are repeated in cycles: denaturation, annealing, extension.
The two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule are separated by denaturation.
This is followed by annealing of the designed primers at the desired DNA sequences.
Extension of the new chains occurs by the addition of dNTPs catalysed by thermostable DNA polymerase.
Numerous cycles of these steps yield amplified quantities of the desired sequence of DNA.
In vitro refers to performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism.
In vivo reactions are those that are performed inside the living body to test the effects of various biological factors on the living system.
PCR is accomplished in the laboratory using artificial reaction conditions. Hence it is an in vitro reaction.
The in vivo synthesis of mRNA occurs in various organisms, the process called transcription.
The polymerase chain reaction is not required for the synthesis of mRNA. PCR amplifies short segments of a DNA molecule.