The possibilities are truly unimaginable especially because we do not yet really understand the mysterious, boundless quality of this unique form of power. Knowledge inhabits a more ethereal realm with principles we are only now coming to grasp and purposes we can only imagine. Unlike other resources we are accustomed to, information is a fluid that constantly alters as it moves, increasing as it interacts and overflows as it crosses boundaries. Unlike other raw materials, knowledge can't be used up.

Strangely, the more you dispense, the more you generate

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Not surprisingly, it dazzles our imagination and taps talent that is limitless and especially powerful

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Predictably, the more you give, the more you get.

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Therefore, forced by the necessity to cope with a complex new era, countries will become a storehouse of knowledge

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Solution

The correct option is A
Strangely, the more you dispense, the more you generate

Look at the last line of the question. It talks about Raw material vis-à-vis knowledge. Hence, the next statement should elaborate on the difference between the two. Option (a) and (c) are the only two that do this. Between (a) and (c), (a) is a better choice as the opening sentence talks about an "unimaginable possibility”, hence the word "strangely” fits better than "predictably”

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A few weeks ago, a newspaper article quoted a well-known scientist saying, "IT has destroyed Indian science?' One can speculate about the various ways in which the growth of the IT sector and other similar knowledge industries such as biotechnology has lead to a decline in basic scientific research in India.

The most obvious reason is money; pay scales in IT and BT are much higher than one can aspire to in academia. The argument goes: why should a bright B.Tech. or M.Sc. student enroll in a PhD program when he/she can make a lot more money writing code? Not only does a fresh IT employee make a lot more than a fresh M.Tech student, his/her pay will rise much faster in IT than in academia. A professor's pay at a government-run university, even after the sixth pay commission, tops out at far less than a senior executive's salary in a major industry.

Second, the social status of IT and BT jobs equal or even exceed the social status of corresponding academic positions, since they are seen as knowledge industries, which plays to the best and worst instincts of the societal order. As quintessential white collar profession, neither do they compel a successful entrepreneur to resort to violence and corruption, nor do they demand any physical labor. Unlike real-estate or road construction, it is felt that IT, workers can become rich while staying honest and sweat free. Assuming that the labor pool for academia and IT is roughly the same, difference in our collective preferences biases the labor market toward IT and away from academia. Further, when the imbalance between IT and academia continues for years and even decades, a destructive loop, from academia's point of view, is created. When our best and brightest take IT jobs over academic ones for a decade or more, faculty positions in our universities and research centers are no longer filled by the best candidates. As faculty quality goes down, so does the capacity to train top-class graduate students who, after all, are teachers in training. In response to decreasing faculty quality, even those students who are foreign trained graduates prefer to come back to corporate India, if at all they do come back, and the downward cycle replicates itself in each generation. In other words, academia is trapped within a perfect storm created by a combination of social and economic factors.

In this socio-economic calculus, the members of our societal classes should prefer an IT job to an academic one. Or, to put it another way, the knowledge economy, i.e., the creation of knowledge for profit, trumps the knowledge society, i.e., the creation of knowledge of its own sake or the sake of the greater good. As is said, "knowledge is power, but money is even more power?' Perhaps the scientist was alluding to this victory of capitalism over the pursuit of pure knowledge when he accused IT of having a negative influence of Indian science.

Surely, knowledge has become a commodity like any other and as a result, knowledge workers are like any other laborers, who will sell their' wares to the highest bidder. One solution is to accept and even encourage the commoditization of knowledge; if so, Indian universities and research centers should copy their western counterparts by becoming more and more like corporations. These centers of learning should convert themselves into engines of growth. In this logic, if we increase academic salaries and research grants to match IT pay cheques we will attract good people into academia, where, in any case, it is rumored that a certain elusive feeling called "the quality of life" is better.

Q7. Why does the author think that knowledge has become a commodity?

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