Some people eat fertilized eggs, some people eat unfertilized eggs. If you buy your eggs from a large supplier in a grocery store, then you are eating unfertilized eggs because large layer barns do not keep roosters since they are not needed for a chicken to lay eggs. If you get your eggs from a backyard chicken keeper or a very small supplier that keeps roosters, then the eggs are likely to be fertilized. As long as the eggs are gathered every day (so that no embryo development can take place) there is no real difference in eating a fertilized or unfertilized egg.
Chickens lay eggs whether they are fertilized or not, and the chicken has no control over whether she lays an egg. A hen does not know if the eggs she lays are fertilized and can grow into chicks.
Chicken eggs are fertilized before they are laid and cannot be fertilized at any other time.
Only fertilized eggs can develop into chicks. Fertilization happens during mating between the rooster and the hen.