Question

The pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance. Explain

Answer 1

Pressure and Temperature.

1. Pressure- The force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is distributed is known as pressure.
2. Temperature- It is a measurement of the system's average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules.

Phase changes.

1. Phase changes occur when a system's temperature or pressure changes.
2. The interaction between molecules increases as the temperature or pressure rises.
3. When the temperature drops, molecules, and atoms find it easier to form a more rigid structure.

Effect of Temperature and Pressure.

1. According to Boyle's law, For constant volume, temperature and pressure are directly proportional, which means that when the temperature rises, the pressure rises as well.
2. Solid matter can bypass the liquid phase and be changed directly from a solid to a gas at low enough pressures and temperatures, a process known as sublimation.

Changes when pressure and temperature are varied.

On increasing pressure	On decreasing pressure
1. Particles of matter get closer.	1. The particle of matter expands as pressure is reduced.
2. When pressure is applied to a gas, the gas's particles become closer together, and a stage is reached where the gas may turn into a liquid.	2. If you apply less pressure to a liquid, it will turn into a gas.
3. When a liquid is subjected to increased pressure, it will transform into a solid.	3. If you apply less pressure to a solid, it will turn into a liquid.

On increasing temperature	On decreasing temperature
1. The particles' kinetic energy increases.	1. When the temperature of any state is reduced, the particles come closer.
2. The particles begin to vibrate at a faster rate as their kinetic energy rises.	2. When we lower the temperature of a gas, it transforms into a liquid.
3. When a solid is exposed to increasing amounts of heat, it transforms into a liquid.	3. If we apply a lower temperature to a liquid, it will solidify.