The pressure under which water passes from the living cells of a root into xylem ________.

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Solution

Root pressure is the transverse osmotic pressure within the cells of a root system that causes sap to rise through a plant stem to the leaves. Root pressure occurs in the xylem of some vascular plants when the soil moisture level is high either at night or when transpiration is low during the day. When transpiration is high, xylem sap is usually under tension, rather than under pressure, due to transpirational pull. At night in some plants, root pressure causes guttation or exudation of drops of xylem sap from the tips or edges of leaves. Root pressure is caused by the active distribution of mineral nutrient ions into the root xylem. Without transpiration to carry the ions up to the stem, they accumulate in the root xylem and lower the water potential.
So the correct option is 'root pressure'.

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