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Question

The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on which property of immune system

A
To produce antibodies
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B
To differentiate self and non-self
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C
To retain memory
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D
All of the above
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Solution

The correct option is C To retain memory
The adaptive or acquired immune system of the body shows the following features -
  • Specificity - It is specific for each type of pathogen. It can differentiate between various types of foreign molecules and antigens and produce specific antibodies against them.
  • Diversity - Acquired immunity can develop against a wide variety of different pathogens, their toxins and diverse categories of molecules. It has the ability to produce millions of different types of antibodies depending on the antigens it encounters.
  • Discrimination- It can differentiate between self (host’s) and non-self (foreign) cells and molecules.
  • Memory - The first encounter between a specific foreign agent and the immune system generates an immune response to eliminate the foreign agent. The immune system often retains the memory of this encounter and manifests a faster and heightened response in case of a second encounter with the same foerign body.
Principle of immunisation-
  • The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of the immune system to retain memory.
  • In the preparation of vaccines, killed, inactivated/weakened pathogens or antigenic proteins of pathogens are introduced in the body.
  • The antibodies produced in the body against these antigens would neutralise the pathogenic agents during actual infection.
  • The vaccines also generate memory B and T-cells that recognize the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure and attack the invaders with a massive production of antibodies.

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