The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on which property of immune system
A
To produce antibodies
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B
To differentiate self and non-self
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C
To retain memory
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D
All of the above
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Solution
The correct option is C To retain memory The adaptive or acquired immune system of the body shows the following features -
Specificity - It is specific for each type of pathogen. It can differentiate between various types of foreign molecules and antigens and produce specific antibodies against them.
Diversity - Acquired immunity can develop against a wide variety of different pathogens, their toxins and diverse categories of molecules. It has the ability to produce millions of different types of antibodies depending on the antigens it encounters.
Discrimination- It can differentiate between self (host’s) and non-self (foreign) cells and molecules.
Memory - The first encounter between a specific foreign agent and the immune system generates an immune response to eliminate the foreign agent. The immune system often retains the memory of this encounter and manifests a faster and heightened response in case of a second encounter with the same foerign body.
Principle of immunisation-
The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of the immune system to retain memory.
In the preparation of vaccines, killed, inactivated/weakened pathogens or antigenic proteins of pathogens are introduced in the body.
The antibodies produced in the body against these antigens would neutralise the pathogenic agents during actual infection.
The vaccines also generate memory B and T-cells that recognize the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure and attack the invaders with a massive production of antibodies.