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Question
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point is called ____________.
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point is called ____________.
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Solution
The correct option is A adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation is the process of evolution of different species from an ancestral group living in a particular geographical area where the descendent population radiate to other areas and adapt to the new environment. Adaptive radiation gives rise to a variety of species from an original ancestral stock.
One of the examples of adaptive radiation is of Australian marsupials. A number of marsupials like marsupial mole, sugar glider, koala, bandicoot, etc. are different from each other and have evolved from a common ancestral stock, but all within the Australian continent.
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in different organisms because they live in similar environment. Multiple adaptive radiations that appear to have occurred in an isolated geographical area can result in convergent evolution. For example: The placental mammal lemur shows convergent evolution with marsupial spotted cuscus.
Homology means the presence of similar structures or developmental process in unrelated individuals which have evolved from a recent common ancestor. When two or more organs or structures are fundamentally similar to each other but are modified to perform different functions, they are said to be homologous organs. Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs and humans have similarities in the pattern of arrangement of bones and hence are homologous which show homology.
Mutation is the sudden, random, heritable changes in DNA. For example: Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a point mutation (single base change) in the ß-globin chain of haemoglobin, by replacing the amino acid glutamic acid with the amino acid valine at the sixth position.
Adaptive radiation is the process of evolution of different species from an ancestral group living in a particular geographical area where the descendent population radiate to other areas and adapt to the new environment. Adaptive radiation gives rise to a variety of species from an original ancestral stock.
One of the examples of adaptive radiation is of Australian marsupials. A number of marsupials like marsupial mole, sugar glider, koala, bandicoot, etc. are different from each other and have evolved from a common ancestral stock, but all within the Australian continent.
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in different organisms because they live in similar environment. Multiple adaptive radiations that appear to have occurred in an isolated geographical area can result in convergent evolution. For example: The placental mammal lemur shows convergent evolution with marsupial spotted cuscus.
Homology means the presence of similar structures or developmental process in unrelated individuals which have evolved from a recent common ancestor. When two or more organs or structures are fundamentally similar to each other but are modified to perform different functions, they are said to be homologous organs. Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs and humans have similarities in the pattern of arrangement of bones and hence are homologous which show homology.
Mutation is the sudden, random, heritable changes in DNA. For example: Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a point mutation (single base change) in the ß-globin chain of haemoglobin, by replacing the amino acid glutamic acid with the amino acid valine at the sixth position.
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