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Question

"The railways affected the structure of the Indian economy positively as well as negatively.' Discuss.

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Solution

(i) It enabled people to undertake long-distance travel and thereby break geographical and cultural barriers.
(ii) It fostered commercialisation of Indian agriculture as agricultural produce could be sent to distant places. Farmers started viewing agriculture as a business rather than a way of subsistence.
(iii) Railways enabled the government to supply foodgrains fastly to famine-affected areas.


The railways affected the Indian economy negatively in the following ways:
(i) It enabled the goods from British factories to be transported to various parts of the country thereby expanding their market.
(ii) It facilitated the transport of raw materials to the port cities and ensured their easy exportability.
(iii) Commercialisation of agriculture affected the self-sufficiency of the rural areas.


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