The relation between the maximum electron density $N_{m a x}$ and the critical frequency $f_{c}$ for the ionosphere can be given as :

f_{c} = \sqrt{9 N_{m a x}}

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f_{c} = \sqrt{9} N_{m a x}

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f_{c} = 9 \sqrt{N_{m a x}}

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Solution

The correct option is C $f_{c} = 9 \sqrt{N_{m a x}}$
If maximum electron density of the ionosphere is $N_{m a x}$ per $m^{3}$ , then $f_{c} = 9 (N_{m a x})^{1 / 2}$ . Above $f_{c}$ , a wave will penetrate the ionosphere and is not reflected by it.

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