The Salt that causes hardness in water and that liberates carbon dioxide on heating is:

magnesium bicarbonate

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calcium chloride

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magnesium sulphate

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calcium sulphate

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Solution

The correct option is A magnesium bicarbonate
Magnesium bicarbonate $[M g (H C O_{3})_{2}]$ causes hardness in water.
$M g (H C O_{3})_{2} △ - \to M g C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2} ↑$

Magnesium bicarbonate on heating decomposes to give Magnesium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide. The other salts do not liberate carbon dioxide on heating.
Thus the answer is (A) magnesium bicarbonate.

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