The scientist who propounded the modern atomic theory and researched on colour blindness is
John Dalton
Explanation for the correct option:-
(B) John Dalton:- He proposed the modern atomic theory in which he mentioned that all matter is made up of the very smallest particle.
Explanation for the incorrect option:-
(A) James Charles: He was one of the first scientists who discovered 71 elements named as Lutetium.
(C) Joseph Nelson: He proposed the condensed matter
(D) Charles Darwin: He gave theory on evolution.
Hence, option(B) is correct.