Question

The second law of thermodynamics states that

• A. all spontaneous processes are thermodynamically irreversible.
• B. entropy of the universe is continuously increasing.
• C. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
• D. energy of the universe remain constant.

Answer 1

Answer: (A), (B)

The correct options are
A all spontaneous processes are thermodynamically irreversible.
B entropy of the universe is continuously increasing.

First Law- Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can change from one to another. The total energy of universe remains constant.
Second Law- In a natural thermodynamic process the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems increases.
A spontaneous process is a process that occurs in a system without any input of energy from the surroundings. Hence a spontaneous process is also called an irreversible process.
Hence options A and B are correct.