The seperation of a mixture of a liquid by distillation is called
Fractional distillation
The explanation of the correct option:
(C)
Fractional distillation: It is the process of separating a liquid mixture which is having a similar boiling point and the mixture will get separated based on its solubility.
The explanation of the incorrect option:
(A)
Filteration: It is also a technique for separating the mixture by using filtration paper. The solid substance will not pass through it and only liquid substance will pass through it.
(B)
Sedimentation: The process of separating insoluble substances which are heavier than liquid by allowing them to settle down on their own due to gravity is called sedimentation.
(D)
Decantation: In decantation, the clear upper liquid is poured out from the container without disturbing the sediment.
Hence, the correct option is an option (C).